Enrique C. Seoane Vázquez and Wendy St. Peter
Collegy of Pharmacy. University of Minnesota. USA
Economic Aspects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in U.S. End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Economics: Balance costs and consequences
Prevalence of Reported ESRD Patients U.S. (1987-2000)
Incidence of Reported ESRD Patients U.S. (1987-2000)
Living ESRD Patients on Dec 31 by Treatment Modality U.S. (1987-2000)
Estimated Total U.S. ESRD Costs, 1997
Drugs for ESRD Patients
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin in ESRD Patients
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Epoetin Alpha (EPO)
EPO: FDA Approved Indications
EPO: FDA Approval for Chronic Renal Patients
EPO: Orphan Designation
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
EPO: Medicare Reimbursement
EPO: Medicare Reimbursement -Hematocrit Measurement Audit (HMA)-
Medicare ESRD Expenditures and Medicare Allowed Charges for EPO in 1997
EPO Manufacturer: Amgen
EPO Sales for U.S. Dialysis Patients (1989-1998)
Amgen: Total Revenue, EPO Sales, Net Income and R&D (1989-1998)
EPO: Licensing
Amgen’s EPO Sales and Medicare EPO Allowed Charges
Amgen’s EPO Sales and Medicare EPO Allowed Charges, Annual Change, 1990-1997
Amgen’s EPO Sales and Number of U.S. ESRD Patients, Annual Change, 1990-1997
Mean Hematocrit and Mean EPO Dose USRD Medicare Patients, 1990-1997
% of USRD Medicare Patients with Hematocrit ? 31%, 1990-1997
EPO Administrations to USRD Medicare Patients, 1990-1997
EPO Average Medicare Allowed Charge per Administration (1990-1997)
EPO: Cost-Effectiveness
Cost per QALY for Selected Treatments
Cost-Effectiveness
Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Protein
