Advanced Glycation End-products (AGE)

• When proteins are exposed to elevated levels of glucose the following series of non-enzymatic chemical reactions occur

• Glycation of proteins and formation of both Amadori adducts and AGE compounds can have biological consequences

hours

days

weeks

Rearrangement

Cross-linking

Glucose

+

Protein-NH2

Glycated

proteins

(Schiff Base)

Amadori

Adducts

AGEs

Cell activation

Tissue structural changes

Glycation

Yamada et al, Nephron, 1994:42; 354-361

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