1. Pérez Arellano JL, Alcázar Montero MC, Fernández García AF, García Martín MJ, Gómez Gómez F,Jiménez López A. Lavado broncoalveolar I: Técnica. Med Integr 1989; 14(4) : 168-175
2. Pérez Arellano JL,Alcázar Montero MC, García Macías MC, Arévalo Gómez MA, JE Losa García , A. Jiménez López. Lavado broncoalveolar II: Citología. Med Integr 1989; 14(6) : 271-278
3. Pérez Arellano JL, Losa García JE, García Martín MJ , Alcázar Montero MC, García Palomo JD, Jiménez López A. Patogenia de la enfermedad pulmonar alveolo-intersticial difusa. Rev Clin Esp 1991; 188: 147-154
4 Reynolds HY,Newball HH. Analysis of proteins and respiratory cells obtained from human lungs by bronchial lavage. J Lab Clin Med 1974; 84: 559-573
5. Finley TN, Swenson EW, Curran WS, Huber GL, Landman AJ. Bronchopulmonary lavage in normal subjects and patients with obstructive lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1967;66:651-658.
6. Cantin A, Begin R, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Boileau R. Heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in Stage III pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest 1983;83:485-486.
7. De la Cruz Rios JL, Pacheco Galván A, Fernandez Rubio E et al. Lavado broncoalveolar: Estudio de parámetros celulares y bioqu’micos en personas fumadoras y no fumadoras. Med Clin (Barcelona) 1984;83:842-848.
8. Castella J. Lavado alveolar en la clínica neumológica. Arch Bronconeumol 1986;22 :274-281
9. Xaubet Mir A, Agustí C. Lavado broncoalveolar. Arch Bronconeumol 1991; 27: 134-138.
10. Alvarez-Sala R, Prados C, García-Rio F, García-Satué JL, Diaz Agero P, Villamor J. El lavado broncoalveolar en patología respiratoria An Med Intern (Madrid) 1992;9:613-620
11. Martin Juan J. Lavado broncoalveolar. Neumosur 1994; 6:89-93
12 . Weinberger SE, Kelman JA, Eslson NA, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:459-466.
13. Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE, Kawanami O, Ferrans VJ, Crystal RG. Inflammatory and immune processes in the human lung in health and disease: Evaluation by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am J Pathol 1979;97:149-206.
14. Gee JBL, Fick RB. Bronchoalveolar lavage.Thorax 1980;35:1-8.
15. Greening AP. Bronchoalveolar lavage. Br Med J 1982; 284:1896-1897.
16. Daniele RP, Elias JA, Epstein PE, Rossman MD. Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:93-108.
17. Reynolds HY. Bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:250-263
18. Castella J, Llorente JL, Puzo MC, Sanchis J, Sueiro A, Xaubet A. Normativa sobre la práctica del lavado broncoalveolar (BAL). Recomendaciones SEPAR. Ed Doyma 1990
19. Chollet S, Soler P, Dournovo P et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X by immunodetection of Langerhans cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am J Pathol 1984;115: 225-232
20. Baltaro RJ, Hoffman GS, Sechler JM, et al. Immunoglobulin G antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are produced in the respiratory tract of patients with Wegener granulomatosis Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143;275-278
21. Betsuyaku T, Munakata M, Yamaguchi E, et al. Establishing diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma by gene rearrangement anaysis of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:526-529
22. Bignon J, Sebastien P,Jaurand MC,Hem B. Microfiltration method for quantitative study of fibrous particles in biological specimens. Environ Health Perspect 1974; 9:155-160
23. Teschler H, Friedrischs KH, Hoheisel GB et al. Asbestos fibers in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue of former asbestos workers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:641-645
24. Martin WJ, William DE, Dines DE, Sanderson DR. Interstitial lung disease. Assessments by bronchoalveolar lavage. Mayo Clin Proc 1983; 58:751-757
25. Chamberlain DW, Braude AC, Rebuck AS. A critical evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage. Criteria for identifying unsatisfactory specimens. Acta Cytol (Baltimore) 1987;31:599-605
26. Rennard SI, Ghafouri M, Thompson AB et al. Fractional processing of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage to separate bronchial and alveolar samples. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:208-217
27. Rankin JA, Naegel GP, Reynolds HY. Use of central laboratory for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:186-190
28. Lam S, Le Riche JC, Kijek K. Effect of filtration and concentration on the composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Chest 1985; 87: 740-742
29. Mordelet Dambrine M, Arnoux A, Stanislas-Leguern G, Sandron D, Chrétien J, Huchon G. Processing of lung lavage fluid causes variability in bronchoalveolar cell count. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:305-306
30. Willcox M, Kervitsky A, Watters LC,King TE. Quantification of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): Comparison of cytocentrifuge preparations to the filter method. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138:74-80
31. Moumouni H, Garaud P, Diot P, Lemarie E, Anthonioz P. Quantification of cell loss during bronchoalveolar lavage fluid processing. Effect of fixation and staining methods. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:636-640
32. Saltini C, Hance AJ, Ferrans VJ, Young RC, Roberts WC, Crystal RG. Accurate quantification of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130: 650-658
33. Laviolette M, Carreaux M, Coulombe R. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differentials on microscope glass cover. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:451-457
34. The BAL cooperative group steering committee. Bronchoalveolar lavage constituents in healthy individuals, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and selected comparison groups. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:S169-S202
35. Alvarez-Sala R, Alvarez-Sala JL, Prados C et al. El componente citológico y bioquímico en 203 lavados broncoalveolares. Valores de referencia. An Med Intern (Madrid) 1995;12:3-11
36. Ancochea J, González A, Sánchez MJ, Aspa J, López-Botet M. Expresion of lymphocyte activation surface antigens in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood cells from young healthy subjects. Chest 1993:104:32-37
37. Pérez Arellano JL. Exploración morfofuncional del macrófago alveolar.Tesis doctoral. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Salamanca 1989
38. Pérez Arellano JL, Pedraz MJ,Fuertes A, De la Cruz JL, González de Buitrago JM, Jiménez A. Laminin Fragment P1 is increased in the lower respiratory tract of patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases. Chest 1993 ; 104: 1163-1169
39. Xaubet A, Agustí C, Roca J, Picado C, Rodriguez-Roisin R. BAL lymphocyte activation antigens and diffusing capacity are related in mild to moderate sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 1993;6:715-718
40. Heaney LG, McKirgan J, Stanford CF, Ennis M. Electronic cell counting to measure total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eur Respir J 1994;7:1527-1531
41. Martín Juan J, Castillo Gómez J. Lavado broncoalveolar: factores limitantes de su estandarización. An Med Intern 1995;12:1-2
42. Everson RB, Schreinemachers DM, Devlin RB, Koren HS. Host determinants of cellular and biochemical constituents of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Implications for design of epidemiological studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:899-904
43. Haslam PL, Dewar A, Butchers P, Rrimett ZS, Newman-Taylor A, Turner Warwick M. Mast cell, atypical lymphocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Comparison with other interstitial lung diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135: 35-37
44. Wait J. Presence of multinucleated giant cells in bronchoalveolar fluid from sarcoid patients. Chest 1982; 81:232
45. Hunninghake GW, Garett KC, Richerson HB et al. Pathogenesis of the granulomatous lung diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:476-496
46. Davison AG, Haslam PL, Corrin B et al. Interstitial lung disease and asthma in hardmetal workers: bronchoalveolar lavage: ultrastructural and analytical findings and results of bronchial provocation tests. Thorax 1983;38:119-128
47. Gonzalez Castro MA, Rodriguez Panadero F, Conde García J, López Mejías J. Neumonía intersticial de células gigantes. Arch Bronconeumol 1985;21:240-242
48. Costabel U. The alveolitis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Resp J 1988; 1: 5-9
49. Yamaguchi E, Saito S, Okazaki N, Abe S, Kawanami Y. Plasma cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Morphological proof of local pro-duction of antibodies. Chest 1988; 92:110-113
50. Fleury J, Escudier E, Pocholle MJ, Carre C, Bernaudin JF. Cell population obtained by bronchoalveoalveolar lavage in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Acta Cytol (Baltimore) 1985; 29: 721-726
51. Fedullo AJ,Ettenson DB. Bronchoalveolar lavage in lymphangityc spread of adenocarcinoma to the lung. Chest 1985; 87:129-131
52. Dobbins PK, Swenson EW, Hackett RL, Coalson JJ. Alveolar cell carcinoma: diagnosis by lobar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;107:665-669
53. Wisecarver J, Ness MJ, Rennard SI, Thompson AB, Armitage JO, Linder J. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the assessment of pulmonary HodgkinÕs disease. Acta Cytol (Baltimore) 1989;33:527-532
54. Meyer KC, Calhoun WJ. Amiodarone toxicity for human phagocytic cell. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:A346
55. Pérez Arellano JL, Gómez Gómez F, García Palomo JD, Alcázar Montero MC, Losa García JE, Jiménez López A, De Castro del Pozo S. Células binucleadas en el lavado broncoalveolar. Arch Bronconeumol 1989; 25:171-174
56. Dauber JH, Rossman MD,Daniele RP. Bronchoalveolar cell populations in acute sarcoidosis. Observations in smoking and non-smoking patients. J Lab Clin Med 1979; 94: 862-871
57. Lenzini L, Heather CJ, Rottoli L. Studies on bronchoalveolar cells in humans: I Preliminary morphological studies in various respiratory diseases. Respiration 1978;36:145-152
58. Daniele RP, Elias JA, Epstein PE, Rossman MD. Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:93-108.
59. Martin WJ, Osborn MJ, Douglas WW. Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Chest 1985; 88: 630-631
60. Brutinel WM, Martin WJ. Chronic nitrofurantoin reaction associated with T lymphocyte alveolitis. Chest 1986 ; 89:150-152
61. Agustí C, Xaubet A, Marín A, Montserrat JM», Picado C, Agustí-Vidal A. Linfocitosis en el lavado broncoalveolar de las linfangitis carcinomatosas. Arch Bronconeumol 1987;23:169-171.
62. Wallaert B, Prin L, Hatron PY, Tonnel AB, Voisin C. Lung T lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage in Sjšgren's syndrome . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:A96
63. Weimberger SE, Kelman JA, Eslson NA, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89: 459-466.
64. Bauer W,Gorny MK,Baumann HR, Morell A. T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis and high and low intensity alveolitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132:1060-1065
65. Saltini C,Winestock KD,Kirby M,Crystal RG. Functional and mollecular analysis of berillium specific T-cell clones derived from lung T-cells in berylliosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:A345
66. Hatron PY, Wallaert B, Gosset D, Tonnel AB, Voisin C, Devulder B. Subclinical lung inflammation in Sjšgren syndrome. Correlation with clinical and biological characteristics of the disease. Arthritis Rheum 1987;30:1226-1231
67. Pérez Arellano JL, Pino J ,Cordero M, Alcázar MC, Jiménez A. Alveolitis linfocitaria CD4 (+) en la fiebre Q. I Symposium Internacional sobre Lavado Broncoalveolar Madrid 1993
68. Galietti F, Giorgi GE, Miravalle C, Barberis S,Massaglia GM,Scappaticci E. Study of lymphocyte subpopulations in two groups of patients with tuberculosis at different stages of clinical and radiological development. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135: A43
69. Costabel U,Zaiss A,Klein G,Guzmán J,Bross KJ, Matthys H. Bronchoalveolar T cell subsets in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:A373
70. Roth C, Huchon GJ, Arnoux A, Stanislas-Leguern G, Marsac JH, Chretien J. Bronchoalveolar cells in advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:9-12
71 .Smith RL, El-Sadr WM, Lewis ML. Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations with clinical severity of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Chest 1988; 92: 60-64
72. Mason GR, Cobb CJ, Foutty LL, Hashimoto CH. Morbidity and mortality associated with BAL neutrophilia in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:A354
73. Limper AH, Smith TF, Martin WJ. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: quantitative differences in parasite burden and hos inflammatory response in AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:A356
74. García JGN, Parhami N, Killam D, García PL. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:450-454
75. Haslam Pl, Turton CWG, Heard B et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in pulmonary fibrosis: comparison of cells obtained with lung biopsy and clinical features. Thorax 1980; 35: 9-18
76. Ancochea J, Alvaro-Gracia JM, Girón R, Marrón C, Humbría A, Laffon A. Bronchiectasis in rheumatoid arthritis: a major cause of neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36 (9S):S232
77. Keogh BA, Line B, Rust M et al. Clinical staging of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;123:A140
78. Ancochea J, Girón R, Laffon A, Alvaro-Gracia JM. Rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial lung disease. Clinical and diagnostic considerations. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37((S) S223
79. Wells AU, Hansell DM, Rubens MB, et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in relation to computed tomographic appearance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150: 462-468
80. Wallaert B, Hatron HY, Grosbois JM,Tonnel AB,Derulder B,Voisin C. Subclinical pulmonary involvement in collagen vascular diseases assesed by bronchoalveolar lavage. Relationship betwen alveolitis and subsequent changes in lung function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:574-580
81. Xaubet A, Rodriguez Roisin R, Bombí JA, Marín A, Roca J, Agustí Vidal A. Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage and clinical findings in pulmonary asbestosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 848-854
82. Keogh BA, Hunninghake GW, Price DL et al. Prognosis of established adult pulmonary histiocytosis X. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;125:92
83. Peterson MW, Monick M, Hunninghake GW. Prognostic role of eosinophils in pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1987; 92:7-8
84. Xaubet A, Marín C, Picado C et al. Eosinófilos en el lavado broncoalveolar de las enfermedades intersticiales difusas. Med Clin (Barcelona) 1985;85:92-95
85. Grandordy B, Hubert D, Marsac J,Chretien J. Relationship between alveolar eosinophils and blood eosinophils in bronchopulmonary diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 127;A142
86. Prin L, Capron M, Gosset P, et al. Eosinophilic lung disease: immunological studies of blood and alveolar eosinophils. Clin Exp Immunol 1986; 63:249-257
87. Wallaert B, Gosset P, Prin L,Bart F, Marquette CH, Tonnel AB. Bronchoalveolar lavage in allergic granulomatosis and angiitis. Eur Respir J 1993;6:413-417
88. Wardlaw JD, Dunnette S ,Gleich GJ, Collins JV, Kay AB. Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:62-69
89. Crystal RG, Bitterman PB, Rennard SI, Hance JA, Keogh BA. Interstitial lung diseases of unknown etiology: disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:154-165
90. Izumi T,Nagai S,Takeuchi M et al. Differentation between BOOP and IPF based on BALF cell findings. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:A447
91. Golde DW, Territo M,Finley TN,Cline MJ. Defective lung macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Ann Intern Med 1976; 85: 304-309
92. White DA, Smith GJW, Cooper JAD, Glickstein M, Ranlein JA. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and interstitial lung disease: report of a case with lavage findings. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:138-141
93. Singh G, Katyal SL, Bedrossian CWM, Rogers RM. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; staining of surfactant apoprotein in alveolar proteinosis and in conditions simulating it. Chest 1983;83:82-86.
94. Rosen SH, Castleman B,Liebow PA. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:1390-1392
95.Teja K, Cooper PH, Squires JE, Schnatterly PT. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings. N Engl J Med 1981;305:1390-1392
96. Xipell JM, Ham KM, Price CG, Thomas DP. Acute silicoproteinosis. Thorax 1977; 32: 104-111
97. Miller RR, Churg AM, Hutcheon M, Lam S. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and aluminum dust exposures. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:312-315
98. Reyes JM, Putong PB. Association of pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis with mycobacterial infection. Am J Clin Pathol 1980;74:478-485
99. Ruben FL,Talamo TS. Secondary pulmonar alveolar proteinosis occurring in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 1986;80:187-1190
100. Ranchod M, Bissell M. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and cytomegalovirus infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1978;103:139-142
101. Scully RE,Mark EJ, McNeely BU. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital Weekly clinico-pathological exercices. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 906-916
102. Drew WL, Finley TN, Golde DW. Diagnosis lavage and occult pulmonary hemorrage in the thrombocytopenic immunocompromised patient. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116: 215-221
103. Johnson JE, Goya DS, Matthews JI, Richey HW. Predictive value of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for clinical alveolar hemorrage syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: A412
104. Pérez Arellano JL, Losa García JE, García Macías MC, Gómez Gómez F, Jiménez López A, De Castro del Pozo S.Hemosiderin-loaded macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Acta Cytol (Baltimore) 1992; 36 (1) : 26-30
105. Lauque D, Dongay G, Levade T, Caratero C, Carles P. Bronchoalveolar lavage in liquid paraffin pneumonitis. Chest 1990;98:1149-1155
106. Corwin RW, Irwin RS. The lipid-laden alveolar macrophage as a marker of aspiration in parenchymal lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:576-581
107. Sibille Y, Marchandise FX. Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Eur Respir J 1993;6: 1529-1543
108. Agostini C, Chilosis M, Zambello R, Trentin L, Semenzato G. Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: lymphocytes. 1993;6: 1378-1401
109. Lohmann-Matthes ML, Steinm¬ller C, Franke-Ullman G. Pulmonary macrophages. Eur Respir J 1994; 7:1678-1689
110. Scheideler L, Manke HG, Schwulera U, Inacker O, Hammerle H. Detection of nonvolatile macromolecules in breath. A possible diagnostic tool?. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:778-784
111. Fazel SB, Howie SE, Krajewski AS, Lamb D. B lymphocyte accumulations in human pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax 1992;47: 964-947
112. Zhang Y, Lee TC, Guillemin B, Yu MC, Rom WN. Enhanced IL-1§ and tumor necrosis factor alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol 1993;150:4188-4196
113. Klech H. 4th international conference on bronchoalveolar lavage, organized by the european BAL task group. Eur Respir J 1994;7:1381-1383
114. Bellocq A, Lecossier D, Pierre-Audigier C, Tazi A, Valeyre D, Hance AJ. T cell receptor repertoire of T lymphocytes recovered from the lung and blood of patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 646-654
115. Nakata K, Sugie T, Nakata H, Aoki M. Gamma-delta T cells in sarcoidosis. Correlation with clinical features. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:981-988
116. Satake N, Nagai S, Kawatani A, et al. Density of phenotypic markers on BAL T-lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pnaumonitis, pulmonary sarcoidosis and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. Eur Respir J 1993;6:477-482
117. Grunewald J, Shigematsu M, Nagai S, et al. T-cell receptor V gene expression in HLA-typed japanese patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:151-156
118. Pérez-Arellano JL, Losa-García JE, Orfao-Matos A , González M, De la Cruz JL, Jiménez A, De Castro S. Comparison of two techniques (flow cytometry and alkaline immunophos-phatase) in the evaluation of alveolar macrophage immunophenotype. Diag Cytopathol 1993; 9: 259-265
119. Lohmeyer J, Friedrich J, Rosseau S, Pralle H, Seeger W. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory cells contained in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Immunol Methods 1994;172: 59-70
120. Viksman MY, Liu MC, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Application of a flow cytometric method using autofluorescence and a tandem fluorescent dye to analyze human alveolar macrophage surface markers. J Immunol Methods 1994;172: 17-24
121. Kindt GC, van der Winkel JG, Moore SA, Anderson CL. Identification and structural characterization of Fc gamma-receptors on pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: L403-411
122. Schaberg T, Rau M, Stephan H, Lode H. Increased number of alveolar macrophages expressing surface molecules of the CD11/CD18 family in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is related to the production of superoxide anions by these cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: 1507-1513
123. Striz I, Wang YM, Svarcová I, Trnka L, Sorg C, Costabel U. The phenotype of alveolar macrophages and its correlation with immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 1287-1294
124. Beninati W, Derdak S, Dixon PF, et al. Pulmonary eosinophils express HLA-DR in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:442-449
125. Kobayashi H, Li K, Hizawa K, Maeda T. Two cases of pulmonary Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Chest 1985;88:297-299
126. van Haarst JM, Hoogsteden HC, de Wit HJ, Verhoeven GT, Havenith CE, Drehage HA. Dendritic cells and their precursors isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage: immunocytologic and functional properties. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:344-350
127. Lesur O, Mancini NM, Janot C, et al. Loss of lymphocyte modulatory control by surfactant lipid extracts from acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis: comparison with sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7:1944-1949
128. Moreland LW, Goldsmith KT, Russell WJ, Young KR, Garver RI. Transforming growth factor beta within fibrotic scleroderma lungs. Am J Med 1992;93:628-636
129. Ohtsuka M, Yoshizawa Y, Naitou T, Yano H, Sato T, Hasegawa S. The motility of lung lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 ; 149: 455-459
130. Pforte A, Gerth A, Voss A, et al. Proliferating alveolar macrophages in BAL and lung function changes in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 1993;6:951-955
131. Robinson DS, Ying S, Taylor IK, et al. Evidence for a Th1-like bronchoalveolar T-cell subset and predominance of interferon-gamma gene activation in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:989-993
132. Jiménez López A, Losa García JE, García Salgado MJ, Mateos Rodriguez F, Disdier C, Pérez Arellano JL. Effect of cyclosporin A on inflammatory cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages. J Hung Soc Int Med 1994;47:135
133. Crestani B, Seta N, De Bandt M et al. Interleukin 6 secretion by monocytes annd alveolar macrophages in systemic sclerosis with lung involvement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 1260-1265
134. Fireman E, Ben-Efraim S, Spinrad S, Topilsky M, Greif J. Suppresive mechanisms of alveolar macrophages in interstitial lung diseases: role of soluble factors and cell-to-cell contact. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 956-964
135. Roth MD, Golub SH. Human pulmonary macrophages utilize prostaglandins and transforming growth factor beta 1 to supress lymphocyte activation. J Leukoc Biol 1993;53:366-371
136. Ludwicka A, Trojanowska M, Smith EA et al. Growth and characterization of fibroblasts obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with scleroderma. J Rheumatol 1992;19:1716-1723
137. Moreland LW, Goldsmith KT, Russell WJ, Young KR, Garver RI. Transforming growth factor beta within scleroderma lungs. Am J Med 1992;93:628-636
139. Danel C, IsrŠel-Biet D, Costabel U, Wallaert B, Klech H. The clinical role of BAL in rare pulmonary diseases. Eur Respir Rev 1992; 2: 83-88
140. Rennard SI. Assessment of the clinical value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of cancer in the lung. Eur Respir Rev 1992; 2: 100-105
141. Chastre J, Fagon JY, Soler P et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage for rapid diagnosis of the fat embolism syndrome in trauma patients. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 583-588
142. Drent M, Mulder PGH, Wagenaar SS, et al. Differences in BAL fluid variables in interstitial lung diseases evaluated by discriminant analysis. Eur Respir J 1993;6:803-810
143. Poulter LW, Rossi GA, Bjermer L et al. The value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoidosis.Eur Respir Rev 1992; 2: 75-82
144. Keogh BA, Hunninghake GW, Line BR, Crystal RG. The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Evaluation of natural history and alveolitis changes in lung function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983:128:256-265
145. Salvaggio JE, Karr RM. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: State of the art. Chest 1979; 75(2(suppl)): 270-275
146. Semenzato G, Bjermer L, Costabel U, Haslam PL, Olivieri D, Trentin L. Clinical role of bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Eur Respir Rev 1992;2:69-74
147. Semenzato G. Immunology of interstitial lung diseases: celullar events taking place in the lung of sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and HIV infection. Eur Respir J 1991;4:94-102
148. Drent M, van Velzen-Blad H, Diamant M, Wagenaar SS, Hoogsteden HC, van den Bosch JMM. Bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis: effect of time elapsed since antigen exposure. Eur Respir J 1993;6: 1276-1281
149. Pérez Arellano JL, Sánchez Sánchez R, Laso Guzmán FJ, González Buitrago JM, Orfao Matos A, González Villarón L. Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en escayolistas. Rev Clin Esp 1989; 185(3) :136-140
150. Haslam PL, Bauer W, de Rose V, et al. The clinical role of BAL in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 1992; 2: 58-63
151. Schwatz DA, Van Fossen DS, Davis CS, et al. Determinants of progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149;444-449
152. Schwartz DA, Helmers RA, Galvin JR, et al. Determinants of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149; 450-454
153. Wallaert B, Hoorelbeke A, Sibille Y, Rossi GA. The clinical role of bronchoalveolar lavage in collagen-vascular diseases. Eur Respir Rev 1992 ;2: 64-68
154. Wells AU, Hansell DM, Rubens MB, Cullinan P, Haslam PL, Black CM, Du Bois RM. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in relation to computed tomographic appearance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:462-468
155. Ancochea Bermudez J. Aspectos clínico-biológicos e inmunológicos de la enfermedad pulmonar alveolar difusa asociada a artritis reumatoide: aportación del lavado broncoalveolar. Tesis doctoral. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 1993
156. Costabel U, Donner CF, Haslam PL, et al. Clinical role of BAL in occupational lung diseases due to mineral dust exposure. Eur Respir Rev 1992;2:89-96
157. Isra‘l-Biet D, Danel C, Costabel U, Rossi GA, Wallaert B. The clinical role of BAL in drug-induced pneumonitis. Eur Respir Rev 1992;2:97-99
158. Danel C, Isra‘l-Biet D, Costabel U, Klech H. Therapeutic applications of bronchoalveolar lavage. Eur Respir J 1992;5:1173-1175
