Capítulo 6. 5. Inhibidores de la función plaquetar

Bibliografía
 

1. Bauer KA, Weiss LM, Sparrow D, et al. Agning-associated changes in indices of thrombonin generation and protein C activation in humans. J Clin Invest 1.987; 80:1527-1534.
2. Kieffer U, Phillips DR. Platelet membrane glycoproteins: Functions in cellular interactions. Ann. Rev Cell Biol 1990; 6:329-357.
3. Packham MA, Mustard JF. Platelet adhesion. Prog Hemost Tromb 1984; 7:211-288.
4. Robert J. Handin. Hemorragia y Trombosis en Harrison: Principios de Medicina Interna. 13ª ed., Interamericana. McGraw-Hill 1994. pp:372-379.
5. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The patogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. (Part I). N Eng J Med 1992; 326:242-250.
6. Weiss HJ. Platelet Pathophysiology and Antiplatelet Drug Therapy. New York, Alan R. Liss, 1982.
7. Gerrard JM, White JG. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes: «Middlemen» modulating platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis. Prog Hemost Tromb 1978; 4:87-125.
8. Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Fuster V. Thrombogenesis and inhibition of platelet agregation. Experimental aspects and future approaches. Z Kardiol 1990; 79:133-145.
9. Vermylen J, Verstraete M, Fuster V. Role of platelet activation and fibrin formation in thrombogenesis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8 (suppl B): 2B-9B.
10. Coller BS. Activation affects acces to the platelet receptor for adhesive glycoproteins. J Cell Biol 1986; 103: 451-456.
11. Fuster V, Jang Ik-Kyung. Role of Platelet-Inhibitor Agents in Coronary Artery Disease in Textbook of International Cardiology 2th ed. Eric J. Topol. Philadelphia. Saunders 1994. pp:3-22.
12. Fuster V, Badimon L, Cohen M, et al. Insights into the patogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes. Circulation 1988; 77:1.213-1.220.
13. Roberts HR, Lozier JN. New perspectives on the coagulation cascade. Hosp Prac Jan 1992: 97-112. 
14. Broze GJ. The role of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in a revised coagulation caascade. Blood 1992; 29:159.
15. Colman RW, et al. Hemostasis and thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 3d ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott 1993.
16. Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Gálvez A, et al. Influence of arterial wall damage and wall shear rate on platelet deposition: Ex vivo study in a swine model. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 6:312-320.
17. Schrör R. Antiplatelet drugs. A comparative review. Drugs 1995; 50:7-28.
18. Sánchez de la Cuesta F, de la Cruz Cortés JP. Enfoque actual de la terapéutica antiagregante plaquetar. JANO 1995; 49:715-718.
19. Weiss HJ, Aledort LM. Impaired platelet-connective tissue reaction in man after aspirin ingestion. Lancet 1967; 2:495-497.
20. Rowland M, Riegelman S, Harris PA, Sholkoff SB. Absortion kinetics of aspirin in man following oral administration of an auqueous solution. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61:379-385.
21. Roth GJ, Stanford N, Majerus PW. Acetylation of prostaglandin synthetase by aspirin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975; 72:3.073-3.076.
22. Catalano PM, Smith JB, Murphy S. Platelet recovery from aspirin inhibition in vivo: differing patterns under varicus assay condition. Blood 1981; 57:99-105.
23. Clarke RJ, Mayo G, Price P, Fitzgerald GA. Suppresion of thromboxane A2 but not systemic prostacycline by controlled-release aspirin. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1.137-1.141.
24. Ackerman Rh, Newman Kl. Incomplete end-point effects in patients on aspirin compounds. Ann Neurol 1990; 28:224.
25. Packham MA. Platelet function inhibitors. Thromb Haemost 1983; 50:610-619.
26.Vermylen J, Badenhorst Pn, Deckmyn H, Arnout J. Normal mechanisms of platelet function. Clin Haematol 1983, 12:107-152.
27. Joseph R, Welch Km, D’Andrea G. Effect of therapy on platelet activating factor induced agreggation in acute stroke. Stroke 1989; 20:609-611.
28. Preston FE, Whipp S, Jackson CA, et al. Inhibition of prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane A2 after low-dose aspirin. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:76-79.
29. Hirsh J, Dalen JE, Fuster V, Harker LB, et al. Aspirin and other platelet-active drugs. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:247S-257S.
30. Levy M. Aspirin use in patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 1974; 290:1158-1162.
31. Laporte JR, Carné X, Vidal X, Moreno V, Juan J. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to previous use of analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs. Lancet 1991; 337:85-89.
32. Steering Committee of the Physicians’ Health  Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians’ Health  Study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:129-135.
33. Peto R, et al. Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. B M J 1988; 296:313-316.
34. Stroke prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. Preliminary report of the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation study. N Engl J Med 1990; 12:863-869.
35. ISIS-2 Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17.187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; 2:349-360.
36. Samter M, Beers RF. Concerning the nature of intolerance to aspirin. Ann Intern Med 1968; 68:975-978.
37. Viinikka L, Toivanen J, Ylikorkala O. The effect of prolonged treatment with sulfinpyrazone on thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 14:456-458.
38. Kaegi A, Pineo GF, Shimizu A, et al. Arteriovenous-shunt thrombosis: Prevention by sulfinpyrazone. N Engl J Med 1974; 290:304-306.
39. Canadian Cooperative Study Group: A randomised trial of aspirin and sulfinpirazone in threatened stroke. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:53-59.
40. Rimbau V, Forn J. Triflusal disposition in vivo. Haemostasis 1982; 13:198-199.
41. Castellarnau C, Sancho MJ, Vila L, Albors M, Rutllant M. Effects and interactions studies of triflusal and other salicylics derivatives on cyclooxygenase in rats. Prostagl Leukotr EFA 1988; 31:83-89.
42. García-Rafanell J, Ramis J, Gómez L, Forn J. Effects of triflusal and other salicylic acid derivates on cyclic AMP levels in rat platelets. Arch Int Pharmacodym Ther 1986; 284:155-165.
43. Plaza L, López-Bescos L, Martín-Jadraque L, et al. Protective effect of triflusal against acute myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina: results of a Spanish Multicenter Trial. Cardiology 1993; 82:388-398.
44. Albors M, Castellarnau C, Vila L, Sola J, Rutllant M. Inhibition of thromboxane production and platelet function by triflusal healthy volunteers. Rev Farmacol Clin Exp 1987; 4:11-16.
45. De Gaetano G. ed. Plaquetas, trombosis y ateroesclerosis. Masson. Barcelona 1984.
46. Bush LR, Cambell WB, Buja LM, Tilton GD, Willerson JT. Effects of the selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor dazoxibin on variations in cyclic blood flow in stenosed canine coronay arteries. Circulation 1984; 69:1.161-1.170.
47. Rapold HJ, Van de Werf F, De Gest H, et al. Pilot study of combined administration of ridogrel and alteplase in patients with myocardial infarction. Coronary Artery  Dis 1991; 2:455-461.
48. Timmermans C, Vrolix M, Vanhaecke J, et al. Ridogrel in the setting of percutaneous  transluminal angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:463-467.
49. Balsano F, Violi F,  Effect of picotamide on the clinical progression of peripheral vascular disease: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Circulation 1993; 87:1563-1568.
50. Jaschonek K, Faul C, Schmidt H, et al. Desensitization of platelets to lisoprost: loss of specific binding sites and heterologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 147:187-192.
51. FitzGerald GA. Drug therapy. Dipyridamole. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1247-1257.
52. Hess H, Mietaschk A, Deichsel G. Drug-induced inhibition of platelet function delays progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease: A prospective double-blind arteriographically controlled trial. Lancet 1985; 1:415-421.
53. Spittel jr JA. Pentoxifylline and intermitent claudication. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102:126-127.
54. Feliste R, Delebasse D, Simon MF, et al. Broad spectrum antiplatelet activity of  ticlopidine and PCR 4.099 involves the suppression of the effects of released ADP. Thromb Res 1987; 48: 403-409.
55. Defreyn G, Bernat A, Delebasse A, Maffrand JP. Pharmacology of ticlopidine. A review. Semin Thromb Hemost 1989; 15:159-166.
56. Savi P, Herbert J, Pflieger A, et al. Importance of hepatic metabolism in the aggregating activity of the thienopyridine clopidogrel. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 44:527-533.
57. Coller BS, Scudder LE. Inhibition of dog platelet function by in vivo infusion of F(ab)2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody. Blood 1985; 66:1456-1459.
58. The EPILOG investigators. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1689-1696.
59. Musial J, Niewiarowski S, Ricinski B, et al. Inhibition of platelet adhesion to surfaces of extracorporeal circuits by disintegrins: RGD-containing peptides from viper venoms. Circulation 1990;82:261-273.
60. Weitz JI, Califf RM, Ginsberg JS, Hirsh J, Théroux P. New antithrombotics. Chest 1995;108:471S-485S.
61. Cadroy Y, Kelly A, Marzec U, et al. Comparison of the antihemostatic and antithrombotic effects of monoclonal antibodies (MoA) against von Willebrand factor (vWF) 6 platelet (P) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). Circulation 1989; 80:11-24.
62. Markwardt F, Kaiser B, Nowak G. Studies on antithrombotic effects of recombinant hirudin. Thromb Res 1989; 54:377-380.
63. Sarembock IJ, Gertz SD, Gimple LW, Owen RM, Powers ER, Roberts WC. Effectiveness of recombinant desulphatohirudin in reducing restenosis after balloon angioplasty of atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits. Circulation 1991; 84:232-243.
64. Antiplatelet Trialists`Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet various categories of patients. Br Med J 1994;308:81-106. 
65. McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E, et al. The Minnesota Heart Survey Investigators. Recents trends in acute coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:884-890.
66. Jareño A, Cercas A. Fármacos antitrombóticos en el síndrome coronario agudo. Rev Clin Esp 1996; 196(4):26-38. 
67. Elwood PC, Williams WO. A randomized controlled trial of aspirin in the prevention of early mortality in myocardial infarction. J R Coll Gen Pract 1979; 29:413-416.
68. Cairns JA, Lewis D, Meade TW, Sutton GC, Théroux P. Antithrombotic agents in coronary artery disease. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:380S-400S.
69. Sherman DG, Dyken ML, Gent M, Harrison MJG, Hart R, Mohr JP. Antithrombotic therapy  of cerebrovascular disorders. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:444S-456S.
70. Whisnant Jp, Wiebers Do. Clinical epidemiology of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in the anterior and posterior circulation. In: Sundt Tm (ed). Occlusive cerebrovascular Disease: Diagnosis and Surgical Management. Philadelphia. WB Saunders 1987; 60-65.
71. Antiplatelet Trialists`Collaboration. Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. Br Med J 1988; 296:320-331.
72. The Canadian Cooperative Study Group. a randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in threatmend stroke. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:53-59.
73. Bousser MG, Eschwege E, Haguenon M, et al. «AICLA»: controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamol in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1983; 14:5-14.
74. UK-TIA Study Group. United Kingdom transient ischeamic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: interim results. Br Med J. 1988;296:316-320.
75. The ESPS Group. The European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS): principal end-points. Lancet 1987; ii:1351-1354.
76. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. a comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs 238 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1261-1266.
77. The SALT collaborative Group. Swedish Aspirin Low-dose Trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxs after cerebrovascular ischeamic events. Lancet 1991; 338:1345-1349.
78. Van Gijn J. Aspirin: dose and indications in modern stroke prevention. In: Neurologic Clinics. Barnett HJM (ed). W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia 1992; pp:193-207. 
79. The American-Canadian Co-Operative Study Group. Persantine aspirin trial in cerebral ischemia. Part-II: end-point results. Stroke 1985; 16:406-415.
80. Gent M, Blakely JA,. Easton JD, et al. The Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet 1989; 1:1215-1220.
81. Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams Hp, et al. Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study Group. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:501-507.
82. Easton JD. Update on antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention. Cerebrovasc Dis 1993; 3 (Suppl 1):15-23.
83. Sandercock PAG, van den  Belt AGM, Lindley RI, Slattery J. Antithrombotic therapy in acute ischaemic stroke: an overview of the completed randomised trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56:17-25.
84. Clagett GP, Krupski WC. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral arterial  occlusive disease. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:431S-443S.
85. Imparato AM, Kim G, Davidson T, et al. Intermittent claudication: its natural course. Surgery 1975; 78:795-799.
86. Jelnes R, Gaardsting O, Jensen KH, et al. Fate in intermittent claudication: Outcome and risk factors. BMJ 1986; 293:1137-1140.
87. Arcan JC, Panak E. Ticlopidine in the treatment of peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 1989; 15:167-170.
88. Balsano F, Coccheri S, Libretti A, et al. Ticlopidine in the treatment of intermittent claudication: a 21 month double-blind trial. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 114:84-91.
89. Accetto B. Beneficial hemorheologic therapy of cronic peripheral arterial disorders with pentoxifylline: results of double-blind study versus vasodilator-nylidrin. Am Heart J 1982; 103:864-869.
90. Block PC, Myler RK, Stertzer S, Fallon JT. Morphology after transluminal angioplasty in human beings. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:382-385.
91. Schwartz L, Bourassa MG, Lesperance J, et al. Aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1714-1719.
92. White CW, Chaitman B, Lassar TA, et al. Antiplatelet agents are effective in reducing the inmediate complications of PTCA. Results from the ticlopidine multicenter trial (abstr). Circulation 1987; 76 (suppl IV):400.
93. Popma JJ, Coller BS, Ohman EM, Bittl JA, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:486S-501S.
94. Stein PD, Dalen JE, Goldman S, Schwartz, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with saphenous vein and internal mamary artery bypass grafts. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:424S-430S.
95. Stein PD, Alpert JS, Copeland J, Dalen JE, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:371S-379S.
96. Laupacis L, Albers G, Dalen J, Dunn M, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Fourth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 1995; 108:352S-359S.
97. Schömig A, Numann FJ, Kastrati A, et al. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after de placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1084-89. 
98. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996; 348:1329-1339.