Bibliografía
 

2.- Keroack MA, Gle RH: Acute infection in the Inmunocompromised Host. Intensive Care Medicine. Rippe Third Edition. 92 (cap); 1178-1186, 1.996. 

3.- Torrecilla C, Cortes JL, Chamorro C, et al: Prognostic assessment of the acute complications of bone marow transplantation requiring intensive therapy. Int. Care Med. 14; 393-399, 1987.

4.- Brunet F, Lanore JJ, Dhainaut JF et al: Is intensive care justified for patients with haematological malignancies?. Int Care Med. 16; 291-297. 1.990.

5.- Headley J et al: Independent validation of APACHE II severity illness score for predicting mortality in patients with breast cancer admitted to the intensive care unit. Cancer. 70; 497-503, 1.992. 

6.- Sivan Y, Schwartz PH, Schonfeld T et al: Outcome of patients in pediatric intensive care unit. Int Care Med. 17; 11-15, 1.991. 

7.- Schimpff SC, Young V, Greene W, et al: Origin of infection in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: Significance of hospital acquisition of potential pathogens. Ann Inten Med. 77; 707-714, 1972. 

8.- Bow EJ: Approach to infection in patient receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy. Principle of Critical Care. Hall JB. 1186-1207, 1.992. 

9.- Stephen Chanock MD: Evolving risk factors for infectious complications of cancer therapy. Hematol/Oncol Clin Nort Am. 7; 771-793, Aug 1.993. 

10.- Hughes WT: Prevention of infections in patients with T cell defects. Clin Inf Dis. 17 (Suppl 2); S368-371, 1.993. 

11.- Aguado JM, Otero JR: Citomegalovirus e inmunodepresión. Med Clin. 100; 58-60, 1.993. 

12.- Faist E, Schinkel C, Zimmer S: Update on the Mechanisms of Immune Suppression of Injury and Immune Modulation. World J Surg. 20; 454-459, 1.996.

13.- Faist E, Mewes A, Baker CC, et al: Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) dependent suppression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in patients with major trauma. J Trauma. 27; 837-848, 1.987. 

14.- Mosmann TR, Cherwinsk H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL: Two types os murine helper T-cell clone. Definition according to profiles of lynphokine activities and secreted proteins. J. Immunolol, 136: 2348-2357, 1986.

15.- Giamarellou H: Empiric therapy por infections in the febrile, neutropenic, compromised host. Med Clin Nort Am. 79; 559-581, 1.995. 

16.- Headley J, Theriault R, Smith T: Independent Validation of APACHE II Severity of Illness Scorefor Predicting Mortality in Patients With Breast Cancer Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Cancer. 70; 497-503, 1.992. 

17.- Brunet F, Lanore JJ, Dhainaut JF, et al. : Is Intensive care justified for patients with haematological malignancies? Int. Care Med. 16; 291-297, 1.990. 

18.- Sivan Y, Schwartz PH, Schonfeld T, Cohen IJ, and Newth JL: Outcome of concology patients in the pediatric intensive care unit. Int. Care Med. 17; 11-15, 1.991. 

19.- Gelder MS: Life and death decisions in the intensive care unit. Cancer. 76 (Suppl); 2171-2175, 1.995. 

20.- Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey RF et al: Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with unexplained fever. J. Infect. Dis. 161; 381-396, 1.990. 

21.- Roilides E, Pizzo PA: Modulation of host defenses by cytikines : evolving adjuncts in prevention and treatment of serious infections in immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 15; 508-524, 1.992. 

22.- EORTC International Antimicrobial TherapyCooperative Group: Ceftazidime combined with a short or long course of amikacin for empirical therapy of gram negative bacteremia in cancer patients with granulocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 317; 1692-1698, 1.987. 

23.- Pizzo PA, Hathorn JW, Hiemenz J, et al: A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination antibiotic therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N Eng J Med. 315; 552-558, 1.986. 

24.- Johnson MP, Ramphal R: B-lactam-resistant Enterobacter in febrile neutropenic patients receiving monotherapy. J Infect Dis. 162; 981-983, 1.990. 

25.- Rolston KV, Berkey G, Bodey P et al: A comparison of imipenem to ceftacidime with or without amikacin as empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic patients. Arch Intern Med. 152; 283-291, 1.992.

26.- Karp JE, Dick JD, Angelopulos C, et al: Empiric use of vancomycin during prolonged treatment-induced granulocytopenia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Med. 81; 237-242, 1.986. 

27.- Masur H: The differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in patient subgroups.Respiratory Disease in the Immunosuppressed Patient. NIH CONFERENCE. Annals of Internal Medicine. 117; 418-420, 1.992. 

28.- Walsh TJ, Pizzo PA: Treatment of respiratiry infections in immunocompromised pateients. Respiratory Disease in the Immunosuppressed Patient. NIH CONFERENCE. Annals of Internal Medicine. 117; 424-428, 1.992. 

29.- Lecciones JA. Lee JW, Navarro EE et al: Vascular catheter-associated fungemia in patients with cancer: analysis of 155 episodes. Clin Infect Dis. 14; 875-883, 1.992. 

30- Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ: Fungal infections in the pediatric cancer patient. Semin Oncol. 17 (suppl 6); 6-9, 1.990.

31.- Phillips P, Dowd A, Jewesson P, et al: Nonvalue of antigen detection immunoassays for diagnosis of candidemia. J Clin Microbiol. 28; 2320-2326, 1.990.

32.- Swerdloff JN, Filler SG, Edwards JE Jr: Severe candidal infections in neutropenic patients. Clin Infect Dis. 17 (Suppl 2); S457-467, 1.993. 

33.- Edwards JE Jr, Filler SG: Current strategies for treating invasive candidiasis: emphasis on infections in nonneutropenic patients. Clin Infect Dis. 14 (Suppl 1); S106-113, 1.992.

34.- Berenguer J: Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 13; 113-120, 1.995. 

35.- Kobayashi GS, Spitzer ED: Testing of organisms for susceptibility to triazoles: is it justified?. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 8; 387-389, 1.989.

36.- Robertson MJ, Larson RA: Recurrent fungal pneumonias in patients with acute nonlynphocitic leukemia undergoing multiple courses of intensive chemotherapy. Am J Med. 84; 233-239, 1988. 

37.- Gerson SL, Talbot GH, Hurwitz S, et al: Prolonged granulocytopenia: the mayor risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 100; 345-351, 1.984. 

38.- Andriole VT: Infections with Aspergillus Species. Clin Infect Dis. 17 (Suppl 2); S481-486, 1.993. 

39.- Aisner J, Schimpff SC, Wiernik PH: Treatment of invasive aspergillosis: relation of early diagnosis and treatment to response. Ann Intern Med. 86; 359-343, 1.977. 

40.- Burch PA, Karp JE, Merz WG, et al: Favorable outcome of invasive aspergillosis in patients withacute leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 5; 1985-1993, 1.987. 

41.- Verhoef J: Prevention of infections in the neutropenic patient. Clin Infect Dis. 17 (Suppl 2); 359-367, 1.993. 

42.- Pizzo PA: Tratamiento empírico y prevención de las infecciones en el huesped inmunocomprometido. 

43.- Goodman JL, Winston DJ, Greenfield RA, et al: A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 326; 845-851, 1.992. 

44.- Wingard JR, Merz WG, Rinaldi MG, et al: Increase in Candida Krusei infection among patients with bone marrow trnsplantation and neutropenia treatment prophylactically with fluconazole. N Engl J Med. 325; 1274-1277, 1.991.

45.- Pizzo PA: Management of fever in patients with cancer and treatment induced neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 328; 1323-1332, 1.993. 

46.- Roilides E, Pizzo PA: Perspectives on the use of cytokines in the management of infectious complications of cancer. Clin Infect Dis. 17 (Suppl 2); S 385-389, 1.993. 

47.- Crawford J, Ozer H, Stoller R, et al: Reduction by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of fever and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 325; 164-70, 1.991. 

48.- World Health Organization. AIDS-global data. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 70; 353-355, 1.995. 

49.- Quinn TC: Global burden of the HIV pandemic. The Lancet. 348; 99-106, 1.996. 

50.- Friedland GH, Klein RS: Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. New Engl J Med. 317; 1125-1135, 1.987. 

51.- Dunn DT, Newell ML, Ades AE, et al: Risk of human immunodeficiencyvirus type I transmission through breastfeeding. The Lancet. 340; 585-588, 1.992. 

52.- Moss AR, Bacchetti P, Osmond D, et al: Seropositivity for HIV and the development of AIDS related condition: three year follow up on the San Francisco General Hospital cohort. Br Med J. 296; 745-750, 1.988.

53.- Kramer A, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ: Markers of risk in HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 322; 1886, 1.990. 

54.- Fischl MA, Richman DD, Grieco MH, et al: The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 317; 185-191, 1.987. 

55.- Peto TEA: A critical analysis of recent data on zidovudyne therapy: Use in asyntomatic HIV infection and early HIV disease, dosing and resistence issues. AIDS. 4 (suppl 1); s187-s191, 1.990.

56.- Richman DD, Fischl MA, Griego MH, et al: The toxicity of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 317; 192-197, 1.987. 

57.- Wachter RM, Luce JM, Turner J, et al: Intensive care of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: outcome and changuing patterns of utilization. Am Rev Resp Dis. 134; 891-896, 1.986.

58.- Rosen MJ, Cucco RA, Teirstein AS: Outcome of intensive care in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Int Care Med. 1; 55-60, 1.986.

59.- Rogers PL, Lane HC, Henderson DK, et al: Admission of AIDS patients to a medical intensive care unit: Causes and outcome. Crit Care Med. 17; 113-117, 1.989.

60.- Schein RM, Fischl MA, Pitchenic AE, et al: ICU survival of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Crit Care Med. 14; 1026-1027, 1.986.

61.- White DA, Zaman MK: Pulmonary disease. Medical management of AIDS patients. Med Clin Nort Am. 76; 19-44, 1.992.

62.- Chouaid C, Housset B: Stratégies diagnostiques de la pneumocystose pulmonaire chez les patients infectés par le VIH. Rev Mal Resp. 13; 265-275, 1.996. 

63.- Wachter RM, Luce JM, Hopewell PC: Critical care of patients with AIDS. JAMA. 267; 541-547, 1.992.

64.- Franklin C, Friedman Y, Terrence W, et al: Improving long-term prognosis for survivors of mechanical ventilation in patient with AIDS with PCP and respiratory failure. Arch Intern Med. 155; 91-95, 1.995. 

65.- Gagnon S, Boota AM, Fischl MA, et al: Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled traial. N Engl J Med. 323; 1444-1450. 1.990. 

66.- Rogers PL, Lane HC, Henderson DK, et al: Admission of AIDS patients to a medical intensive care unit: causes and outcome. Crit Care Med. 17; 113-117, 1.989.

67.- Jeena PM, Coovadia HM, Bhagwanjee S: Prospective, controlled study of the outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody-positive children admitted to an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 24; 963-967, 1.996.

68.- Brown MC, Crede WB: Predictive ability Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring applied to human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Crit Care Med. 23; 848-853, 1.995. 

69.- Notterman DA: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and futility. Crit Care Med. 24; 907-908, 1.996.

70.- Wachter RM: Intensive Care for patients with Pnemocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. Are we prepared for our new sucess?. Chest. 96; 714-715, 1.989. 

71.- Sprung CL, Steinberg A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and critical care. Crit Care Med. 18; 1300-1302, 1.990.

72.- Rie MA: A further comment on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and critical care. (Letters to the editor). Crit Care Med. 20; 1361, 1.992.

73.- Layon AJ, D'amico R: Intensive care for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome- Medicine versus ideology. Crit Care Med. 18; 1297-1299, 1.990.

74.- Levin BW, Driscoll JM, Fleischman AR: Treatment choice for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at risk for AIDS. JAMA. 265; 2976-2981, 1.991.

75.- Notterman DA: Pediatric AIDS and critical care. Crit Care Med. 21 (Suppl.); S319-S321, 1.993.

76.- Murray JF, Felton CP, Gary SM, et al: Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop. N Engl J Med. 310; 1682-1688, 1.984. 

77.- Garay S: Respiratory failure in AIDS. Am Rev Respir Dis. 133; A344 ( Abstract), 1.986. 

78.- Baggott LA, Baggott BB: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients in intensive care. Chest. 92 (Suppl.); 132S (Abstract), 1.987.

79.- Friedman Y, Franklin C, Freels S, et al: Long-term survival of patients with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and respiratory failure. JAMA. 266; 89-92, 1.991. 

80.- Wachter RM, Russi MB, Bloch DA, et al: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure in AIDS: improved outcomes and increased use of intensive care units. Am Rev Respir Dis. 143; 251-256, 1.991. 

81.- Franklin C, Friedman Y: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and critical care. Crit Care Med. 19; 1218-1219, 1.991.