Bibliografía
 

2.  Kraus JF, Black MA, Hessol N, Ley P, Rokaw W, Sullivan C, Bowers S, Knowlton S, Marshall L. The incidence of acute brain injury and serious impairment in a defined population.  Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119:186-201.

3.  Muñoz Sánchez MA, Murillo Cabezas F. Traffic accidents. Comparative analysis of hospital records vs police records. Med Intensiva 1993; 17 (Supl):103. 

4.  Murillo Cabezas F, Muñoz Sánchez MA.Traumatismo Craneoencefálico. Pacín J.-  Terapia Intensiva 2ª Edición, Buenos Aires (Argentina), Editorial Médica Panamericana,  1995. PP. 198-217.

5.  Doberstein CE, Hovda DA, Becker DP. Clinical considerations in the reduction of secondary brin injury. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:993-997.

6.  Chesnut RM. Secondary brain insults after head injury. New Horizons 1995;  3:366-375.

7.  Chesnut RM, Marshall LF, Klauber MR. The role of secondary  brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J Trauma 1993; 34:216-222.

8.  Jones PA, Andrews PJ, Midgley S, et al. Measuring the burden of secondary insults in head-injured patients during intensive care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1994; 6:4-14.

9.  Saul TG, Ducker TB. Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1982;56:498-503.

10.  Rosner MJ, Daughton S. Cerebral perfusion presure management in head injury. J Trauma 1990; 30:933-941.

11.  Chan KH, Dearden NM, Miller JD. The significance of postraumatic  increase in cerebral blood flow velocity: a transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Neurosurgery 1992; 30:697-700.

12.  Taneda M, Kataoka K,  Akai F, Asai T, Sakata I. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage as a predictable indicator of delayed ischemic symptoms. J Neurosurg 1996;  84:762-768.

13.  Harders A, Kakarieka A, Braakman R and the German tSAH Study Group. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and its tratment with nimodipine. J Neurosurg 1996; 85:82-89.

14.  Chesnut RM, Marshall LF, Marshall BS. Medical management of intracranial pressure. Cooper PR.-Head Injury. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1993. PP 225-246.

15.  Robertson CS, Contant CF, Gokaslan ZL, eta al. Cerebral blood flow, arteriovenous oxygen  difference and outcome in head injured patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55:594-603.

16.  Sahuquillo J, Rodriguez Baeza A, Pedraza S, Munar F, Poca MA, Rubio E. Alteraciones de la microcirculación y de la barrera hematoencefálica en los traumatismos craneoencefálicos. Fisiopatología del edema cerebral psotraumático. Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Net A, Marruecos L.- Springer-Verlag Ibérica, Barcelona, 1996. PP 19-44.

17.  Klatzo I. Pathophysiological  aspects of brain edema. Acta Neuropathol 1987; 72:236-239.

18.  Murillo F,  Muñoz Mª A, Dominguez JM. Fisiopatología de la lesión secundaria en el traumatismo craneoencefálico. Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Net A, Marruecos L.- Springer-Verlag Ibérica, Barcelona, 1996. PP 10-18.

19.  Kelly BJ, Luce JM.  Current concepts in cerebral protection. Chest 1993; 103:1246-1254.

20.  Rothman SM, Olney JW. Glutamate and the pathophysiology  of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Ann Neurol 1986; 19:105-111.

21.  Stein SL, Ross SE. The  value of computed tomographic scans in patients with low risk head injuries. Neurosurgery 1990; 26:638-640.

22.  Borczuk P. Predictors of intracranial injury in patients with mild head trauma.  Ann Emergency Med 1995; 25:731-736.

23.  Muñoz Mª A, Murillo F.  Traumatismos craneoencefálicos potencialmente graves. Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Net A, Marruecos L.- Springer-Verlag Ibérica, Barcelona, 1996. PP. 61-66.

24.  Hill DA, Abraham KJ, West RH: Factors affecting outcome  in the resuscitation of severely  injured patients. Aust NZ J Surg 1993; 63:604-609.

25.  Kirkpatrick PJ. Editorial. On guidelines for the management of the severe head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry  1997; 62:109-111.

26.  Shacford SR, Zhuang J, Schmokers H. Intravenous fluid tonicity: Effect of intracranial pressure cerebral blood flow, and cerebral  oxygen delivery in focal brain injury. J Neurosurg 1992; 76:91-98.

27.  Servadei F, Ciucci G, Loroni L, Cuscini M, Piola C, Arista A. Diagnosis and management  of minor head injury :A regional multicenter approach in Italy. J Trauma 1995; 39(4): 696-701.

28.  Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, Van Berkum RN. A new clasification of head injury based on computerizad tomography. J Neurosurg 1991; 75:14-20.

29.  Dominguez Roldán JM, Murillo Cabezas F, Muñoz Sánchez MA. Interventions in the acute phase of severe brain-injured patients.  Neuropsychological Rehanilitation. León-Carrión J.- St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida, 1997.PP 127-152.

30.  Rosner MJ, Rosner SD. CPP  management II: Optimization of CPP or vasoparalysis does not exist in the living brain. Intracranial Pressure IX. Nagai H, Kamiya K, Ishii S.-Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1994. PP. 222-223.

31.  AsgeirssonB, Grande PO, Nordstrom CH. A new  therapy of post-trauma brain oedema based on haemodinamyc principles for brain volume regulation. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20:260-267.

32.   Bullock R, Chesnut RM, Clifton G, Ghajar J, Maas AIR, Marion DW, Narayan R, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. Trauma Brain Foundation, 1995. 

33.  Alted E, Pérez Vela JL, Díez Lobato R. Suero salino hipertónico en el tratamiento de la hipertensión endocraneal. Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Net A, Marruecos L.- Springer-Verlag Ibérica, Barcelona, 1996. PP.276-290.

34.  Rosner M, Coley I. Cerebral perfusion pressure: a hemodynamic mechanism of mannitol and the postmannitol hemogram. Neurosurgery 1987; 21:147-156.

35.  Muizelaar JP, Harry D, Luz A. Effect of mannitol on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow and correlation with pressure autorregulation in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1984; 61:700-706.

36.  Fisher B, Thomas D, Peterson B. Hypertonic saline lowers raised intracranial pressure in children after head trauma. J Neurosurg Anesthesio 1992; 11: 4-10.

37.  Freshman SP, Battistella FD, Matteucci M. Hypertonic salyne (7,5%) versus mannitol: a comparison for treatment of acute head injuries. J Trauma 1993; 35:344-347.

38.  Lassen NA. Brain extracellular pH: the main factor controlling cerebral blood flow. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 1968; 22:247-251.

39.  Sutton LN, McLaughlin AC, Dante S, Kotapka M, Sinwell T, Mills E.. Cerebral venous oxygen content as a mesure of brain energy metabolism with increased intracranial pressure and hyperventilation. J Neurosurg 1990; 73:927-932.

40.  Eisenberg HM, Frankowski RF, Contant CF. High-dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988; 69:15-23.

41.  Wilberger JE, Cantella D. High-dose barbiturate for intracranial pressure control. New Horizons 1995; 3:469-473. 

42.  Kassell NF, Hitchon PW, Gerk MK, et al. Alterations in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism and electrical activity produced by high dose thiopental. Neurosurgery 1980; 7:598-603.

43.  Murillo Cabezas, F, Muñoz Sánchez MA, Dominguez JM, Ruano JJ, Gonzalez E, Albert P. Barbitúricos a altas dosis en la hipertensión endocraneal incontrolable. Med Intensiva 1986; 10:164-168.

44.  Piek J. Medical complications in severe head injury. New Horizons 1995; 3:534-538.

45.  Miller CH, Quatrocchoni KB, Frank EH. Humoral and cellular immunity  following severe head injury: Review and current investigations. Neurol Res 1991; 13:117-121.

46.  Hsieh AH, Bishop MJ, Kubilis PS, et al. Pneumonia following closed head injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146:290-294.

47.  Rello J, Ausina V, Castella J.  Nosocomial respiratory tract infection in multiple trauma patients. Influence of level of conciousness with implications for therappy. Chest 1992; 102: 525-529.

48.  Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, Jimenez P, Gonzalez J, Ferrer A, Celis R, Rodriguez-Roisin R.Risk of acute stress  bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990; 142:523-528.

49.  Gomez EC, Markowsky SJ, Rotschafer  JC. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care patients: Review and commentary. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:963-976.

50.  Maestre A, Murillo Cabezas F, Muñoz Sánchez A. Infección en el paciente traumatizado. Infección nosocomial. Concepto, prevención y tratamiento. SEMIUC- IDEPSA, Madrid,  1994. PP 124-139.

51.  Mas A, Vallés J, Net A. Infección en el paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico. Traumatismo craneoencefálico grave. Net A, Marruecos L.- Springer-Verlag Ibérica, Barcelona, 1996. PP.150-156.